Introduction

  • A crop is a term used in the description of the plants that are grown and cultivated in significant quantities at one place.
  • Plants planted during the rainy season are known as Kharif crops.
  • Rabi crops are grown in the winter season
  • Agricultural practices include many activities to be performed before the cultivation of the crop.

Science Class 8 Crop Production and Management crop

Crops

  • A crop is a term used to brief same kind of plants that are grown and cultivated.
  • It is a non-animal variety or species which is grown to get harvested as fodder, fuel, etc.
  • Wheat, rice, soya bean, maize, cotton and potatoes are the well-known major world crops.

Types of Crops

Kharif crops

  • These crops are sown the rainy season. That is from June to September
  • For example – cotton, groundnut, soya bean, maize etc.

Rabi crops

  • Rabi crops are grown in the winter season.
  • The time period ranges from October to march
  • For example – pea, gram, mustard, and wheat.

Science Class 8 Crop Production and Management rabi crop

Agricultural practice in the cultivation of crops

Preparation of Soil

  • This is the first step which loosens the soil by turning it.
  • With the loosened soil growth of microbes and earthworms in the soil becomes easy.
  • Tiling or plowing is the process of loosening and turning the soil.

 Agricultural Implements

Plough

  • It is used since ancient times in tiling soil, removing weeds, scraping the soil etc.

Adding fertilizers and manures

  • Fertilizers and manure ensure healthy growth of plants.
  • It replenishes the soil with minerals.

Irrigation

  • Irrigation is the supply of water at different intervals in the crops.
  • From crop to crop the frequency and time of irrigation vary.

Protection from weed

  • Weeding is the process of removal of weed.
  • Weeds are the undesirable which grow naturally along with the crops.

Harvesting

  • After the maturity, the cutting of the crops is known as harvesting
  • It is by machine or manually using the sickle.

Storage

  • Proper protection and storage are given to the produce.

Recap

  • A crop is a term used in the description of the plants that are grown and cultivated in significant quantities at one place.
  • Plants planted during the rainy season are known as Kharif crops.
  • Rabi crops are grown in the winter season
  • Wheat, rice, soya bean, maize, cotton and potatoes are the well-known major world crops.