Conservation of Plants and Animals

Deforestation

• Deforestation refers to the cutting down of the plants and animals for various reasons.
• Deforestation is causing threats of survival to many living organisms.

Causes of Deforestation

• Purposes related to agriculture
• Fast urban development
• Requirement of fuel
• Setting up of industries
• Making furniture

Consequences of Deforestation

• Increase in the pollution level and temperature.
• Groundwater level decreases.
• Global warming
• Natural calamities like droughts, floods, etc. increases.
• A decrease in the fertility of soil and rainfall
• Desertification

Conservation of wildlife and forests

• The government has come up with several rules for the prevention of the wildlife and forest.
• Certain harmful activities like hunting, poaching, grazing have been prohibited in the areas called national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves.

1. Sanctuary

• Sanctuary is a place where animals are protected and safe from external harm and disturbances.
• Some famous sanctuaries in India are Ranthambore national park, Corbett National park in Uttarakhand, etc.

2. National park

• Natural resources are used freely by animals at these places.
• Some examples in India are Keoladeo Ghana national park, etc.

3. Biosphere Reserve

• The places meant for the conservation of animals, plants, wildlife is known as biosphere reserve.

Flora and Fauna

1. Flora

• The plants in a specific region are referred to as its flora.
• Examples are coral, mango, teak, sunflower, etc.

2. Fauna

• The animals in a specific region are referred to as its fauna.
• Examples are ant, eagle, parrot, lion, etc.

Wildlife sanctuary

• The areas which are kept for the safety and protection of the animals are known as wildlife sanctuaries.
• Activities such as poaching, hunting, capturing, etc. are restricted in these sanctuaries.

Reforestation

When the deforested forests are replanted or restocked with new trees, then that process is known as Reforestation.

Steps to follow reforestation

• The plants implanted should be of the same species which were in existence before.
• The number of trees planted should be equal to or more than the trees cut.
• Natural reforestation.

Recap

• Deforestation refers to the cutting down of the plants and animals for various reasons.
• Deforestation is causing threats of survival to many living organisms.
• The government has come up with several rules for the prevention of the wildlife and forest.
• Certain harmful activities like hunting, poaching, grazing have been prohibited in the areas called national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves.
• The areas which are kept for the safety and protection of the animals are known as wildlife sanctuaries.
• When the deforested forests are replanted or restocked with new trees, then that process is known as Reforestation.