Reproduction In Plants

Reproduction is the process in which offering is produced by living beings. This process plays a very important role in the functions of plants.

Types of Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction – When the process of reproduction involves a single parent then it is called as asexual reproduction. Plants use the following means of reproduction-

Budding – Unicellular plants like yeast use this method. A bub is produced by the yeast cell and obtains nucleus. New yeast is produced when the bud gets into a size and separates from the mother cell.

Fragmentation – Simple plants have their body divided into smaller parts which later develops in a new plant. For example – spirogyra

Spore formation – Some plants have special spore-containing organs especially in algae and fungi which are called as sporangiophores. These sporangiophores have spores which later develops new plants.

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Sexual Reproduction – Sexual reproduction is a process when two parent s are involved. Fertilization is said to be the fusion of female and male gametes. Fertilization produces a zygote which then produces the embryo and finally a new entity.

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Flower

Flowering plants have a special organ called as a flower which is known to work as the reproductive system. A flower is made up of four different whorls.

Calyx is the outermost whorl made up of sepals which are green leaf-like structures.

Corolla is the second whorl made up of petals. Insects get attracted towards petals due to their colourful attractiveness.

The androecium is the third whorl of a flower. It is made up of stamens which consist of two main parts called as filament and another.

The gynoecium is the whorl present at the centre. It consists of style and ovary.

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Pollination

Pollination is the process of transferring the pollen grains to stigma from anthers. It is of two types, cross-pollination and self-pollination.

Self-pollination – When stigma gets the anthers of the same flower then it is called as self-pollination.

Cross-pollination – In cross-pollination stigma gets transferred from a different flower.

Fertilization

Fertilization is the process which occurs due to the fusion of male and female gametes. It produces a zygote which then produces an embryo. Embryo forms seeds and finally seeds which are the embryos get converted into the fruits.

The dispersal takes place in five forms-