Pollution

  • The adverse effects caused by the poisonous or harmful substances when introduced in the environment are called as pollution.

Air pollution

  • Unwanted substances are exposed in the air which contaminates the air and causes adverse effects on both abiotic and biotic components.
  • Air pollutants are the things which are responsible for the air contamination.

class 8 pollution

Effects of air pollution

  • Problems caused to the respiratory system.
  • The capacity of the blood to carry the oxygen decreases.
  • Problems in cough, breathing due to the fog and smoke.
  • The ozone layer gets depleted which protect us from ultraviolet rays due to the chlorofluorocarbons emitted by electronic devices.

 

Acid Rain

  • Nitric acid and sulphuric acid is formed when gases like nitrogen and sulphur get in a reaction with the water vapour.
  • This acid makes the rain acidic when it falls down with the rainwater.
  • All the living and non-living things get badly affected due to the acid rain
  • Tajmahal became pale due to the acid rain

class 8 pollution

Prevention of air pollution

  • Trees should be planted in high numbers to take up the carbon dioxide and release the oxygen.
  • Instead of diesel and petrol in automobiles, CNG should be used.
  • Usage of vehicles that is unnecessary should be avoided.
  • The use of public transport should be more.
  • The use of natural resources like tidal energy, solar energy, etc. should be more.

 

Water pollution

  • When unwanted and undesirable substances are added to the water it is called as water pollution.
  • Water pollution is harmful to both abiotic and biotic components.
  • Water pollutants are the things which contaminate the water.

class 8 pollution

Process of water purification

  1. Cut a plastic bottle into two parts from the centre.
  2. Put the upper half of the bottle as a funnel inside the lower part of the bottle.
  3. Using the paper napkin or a fine cloth make layers followed by cotton, then sand and lastly gravel.
  4. Now put the dirty water from the filter and observe and check the filtered water.

Effects of water pollution

  • Water pollution is destroying the water bodies and is harmful to the aquatic animals.
  • Effects like acidity changes, impure water due to the harmful chemicals dumped in the water.
  • Causes diseases like diarrhoea, cholera, jaundice, etc.
  • Groundwater is also getting destroyed.

Prevention of water pollution

  • Plans like Ganga action plan should be implemented.
  • The waste should be treated by the industries before throwing them into the water.
  • Candle type filter can be used at the household level.
  • Boil water before drinking.
  • Chlorination, a chemical process can be used to treat water.
  • The plan should be made for proper treatment of sewage.
  • The ides of reuse, reduce and recycle should be implemented.

Recap

  • The adverse effects caused by the poisonous or harmful substances when introduced in the environment are called as pollution.
  • Unwanted substances are exposed in the air which contaminates the air and causes adverse effects on both abiotic and biotic components.
  • When unwanted and undesirable substances are added to the water it is called as water pollution.
  • Water pollution is harmful to both abiotic and biotic components.